Pedestrian Accident Statistics
Pedestrian safety in the United States has moved in the wrong direction for years, and the numbers show a steady rise in deaths on streets that should not turn a simple walk into a life-or-death risk. Preliminary 2024 data estimates drivers struck and killed 7,148 people walking in the United States.¹ The 2024 total reflects a 4.3% decline from the 7,472 fatalities reported in 2023,¹ but the number still remains far above levels from previous years.¹ The 2024 number remains nearly 20% higher than 2016 levels and about 11.5% above the pre-pandemic levels of 2019.¹
Long-term trends show the gap between pedestrian safety and overall traffic safety keeps widening. Between 2009 and 2023, pedestrian deaths rose 80%, and all other traffic fatalities rose 13%,¹ showing that there is much work to be done in using technology, road signage, or other measures to better protect pedestrians. In 2023, drivers killed a pedestrian every 72 minutes on average, and drivers injured a pedestrian every 8 minutes in traffic crashes.² Pedestrian deaths have climbed over the past two decades, rising to about 18% of all traffic fatalities nationwide.²
Pedestrian Deaths by Age, Location, and Time
National data explains where risk stays highest and shows that pedestrian deaths concentrate in certain age groups and under certain road conditions. Age, sex, and the setting around the road connect to a large share of the deaths and point to the key areas where prevention work can reduce the toll.
Age and Sex Distribution in Fatality Data
Risk doesn’t fall evenly across the population, and age and sex show up again and again in the fatality data. In 2023, males accounted for 70% of all pedestrians killed in traffic crashes.² Walking rates stay relatively similar between men and women, and men still face more than double the risk of death, which lines up with more time spent near higher-speed roads and more high-risk choices like impaired walking or crossing outside marked areas.⁶
Age breakdowns show where the raw totals concentrate. Adults ages 30 to 34 and 40 to 44 had the highest numbers of deaths, and adults 65 and older accounted for nearly 19% of all pedestrian deaths.² Children 14 and younger make up a meaningful share of pedestrian deaths within child traffic fatalities: pedestrians accounted for 17% of traffic-crash deaths in that age group.²
Pedestrian Deaths by Age and % of Traffic Deaths (2023)²
| Age Group | Pedestrian Fatalities (2023) | % of Total Traffic Deaths for Age Group |
| Under 5 | 52 | 17% |
| 5–9 | 46 | 17.6% |
| 10–14 | 73 | 16% |
| 15–20 | 274 | 8% |
| 25–34 | 1,199 | ~16% |
| 35–44 | 1,328 | 20%+ |
| 65 and Older | 1,533 | 19% |
Nighttime Risk in Pedestrian Crashes
Poor lighting shows up repeatedly in pedestrian fatality data. In 2023, crashes after dark accounted for 77% of all pedestrian deaths.¹ Nighttime fatal crashes also rose much faster than daytime fatal crashes over the long term: nighttime fatalities increased 84% between 2010 and 2023, compared to a 28% increase in daytime fatalities.¹ Nighttime data suggests that more work is needed in terms of lighting and other pedestrian safety measures.
Pedestrian Fatalities by Light Condition and Time of Day (2023)¹
| Time and Light Condition | Percentage of Fatalities | Trend Since 2010 |
| Night (Dark) | 77% | +84% |
| Daylight | 19% | +28% |
| Dusk / Dawn | 4% | Stable |
| 6:00 p.m. – 8:59 p.m. | 25% | Peak Risk Hour |
| 9:00 p.m. – 11:59 p.m. | 26% | Peak Risk Hour |
Larger Vehicles and Speed Increasing Pedestrian Fatality Risk
Pedestrian deaths have risen as larger vehicles became more common on U.S. roads, and higher-speed driving leaves little margin for error when a driver meets a person on foot. Size and speed together turn an everyday roadway mistake into a deadly result.
SUV and Pickup Truck Impact Dynamics
Light trucks, which include SUVs, pickups, and vans, make up a growing share of pedestrian deaths. In 2023, light trucks accounted for 54% of pedestrian fatalities where the vehicle type was known, compared to 37% for passenger cars.¹ It tracks that research found a higher fatality risk when a light truck hits a pedestrian or cyclist: an SUV or light truck strike carries a 44% higher risk of death than a standard sedan.⁸ As can be expected, children face even higher risk in those crashes, with an 82% higher risk of death in an SUV strike and 130% higher risk for children under age 10.
Because bigger vehicles tend to hit higher on the body and bring more mass into the impact, it increases the chance of severe injury to the torso and head.⁹ Research also links SUVs to crash dynamics that push a pedestrian down and forward more often than a sedan, which can lead to a second impact with the ground or a rollover event.⁸
Pedestrian Fatality Risk by Vehicle Type and Front-End Impact (2023)⁸,⁹
| Vehicle Category | Fatality Risk Modifier | Physical Impact Characteristic |
| Passenger Car | Baseline | Low impact zone; hood absorption |
| SUV / LTV | +44% | Blunt profile; strikes vital organs |
| Pickup Truck | +70% | High impact zone; poor forward visibility |
| Child (if hit by SUV) | +82% | Height disparity leads to head trauma |
Speed and the Odds of a Fatal Crash
Impact speed changes survival odds quickly, and research shows the risk does not climb in a straight line as mph goes up. A pedestrian struck at 20 mph has an estimated 90% chance of survival.¹³ At 30 mph, fatality risk rises to 45–50%.¹³ At 40 mph, the probability of death reaches 85%, and at 50 mph it exceeds 95%.¹¹
Higher speeds also make it harder for a driver to avoid a pedestrian in time, and automatic emergency braking becomes less effective as speed rises.¹¹
Impact Speed and Risk of Severe Injury or Death¹¹
| Impact Speed (mph) | Risk of Severe Injury | Risk of Death |
| 20 mph | 18% | 1% – 5% |
| 30 mph | 50% | 40% – 45% |
| 35 mph | 67% | 19% |
| 40 mph | 80%+ | 85% |
| 50 mph | 90%+ | 80% – 95% |
Texas Pedestrian Deaths in the Numbers
Texas ranks among the deadliest states for pedestrians, and the annual total frequently trails only California.¹⁷ Road design plays a big part, since long stretches of high-speed roads cut through growing cities and leave people walking with fewer safe places to cross.¹⁷
Statewide Totals and the Recent Trend
Preliminary 2024 data reports 768 pedestrian deaths in Texas, which reflects a 5.19% decrease from the 810 deaths reported in 2023.¹⁸ Pedestrian deaths in Texas still rose 22% between 2019 and 2023, which shows the larger trend moved upward even with a recent one-year drop.²⁰ Pedestrians also account for roughly 19% of all roadway deaths in Texas even though pedestrian crashes make up only 1% of total crashes.²¹
Texas Statewide Pedestrian and Roadway Fatality Metrics (2024)¹⁸
| Texas State Statistic (2024) | Value | Comparison to 2023 |
| Pedestrian Fatalities | 768 | -5.19% |
| Pedestrian Serious Injuries | 1,454 | -1.5% |
| Total Roadway Fatalities | 4,150 | -3.29% |
| Fatality Rate (per 100M VMT) | 1.35 | -5.25% |
Where Pedestrian Deaths Cluster in Texas
Urban areas account for 84% of pedestrian deaths in Texas, which concentrates the problem in and around major metros like Houston, Dallas, San Antonio, and Austin.² Roads built to move fast traffic through commercial areas can force you to cross multiple lanes with limited protection, especially outside intersections where drivers do not expect someone walking.¹⁷
Where Pedestrian Fatalities Occur in Texas (Area Type)²
| Area Type | % of Pedestrian Fatalities | Key Risk Factor |
| Urban | 84% | Density of pedestrian-vehicle interaction |
| Rural | 16% | Higher speeds; lack of lighting/sidewalks |
| Non-Intersection | 74% | High-speed mid-block crossings |
| Intersection | 17% | Turning conflicts; failure to yield |
Houston and Harris County Pedestrian Death Trends
Houston leads Texas in pedestrian deaths, and the highest risk shows up on wide, high-speed roads that cut through places where pedestrians still need to cross for work, errands, and transit.²²
2023–2024 Numbers in Houston
Houston recorded 98 pedestrian deaths in 2023, which placed the city behind only Los Angeles and Phoenix nationwide.²² Preliminary 2024 data reports 345 total traffic deaths in Houston, including 115 pedestrian deaths, and Houston also reported 245 serious injuries to pedestrians in 2024.²³ ²⁴
Houston Pedestrian Deaths and Serious Injuries (2023–2024)²²
| Houston Metric | 2023 | 2024 (Preliminary) | Change |
| Pedestrian Deaths | 98 | 115 | +17.3% |
| Pedestrian Serious Injuries | ~200 | 245 | +22.5% |
| Total Fatal Crashes | ~300 | 323 | +7.6% |
| Pedestrian % of Fatalities | ~33% | 33% | Stable |
The Deadliest Roads in Houston
A Washington Post investigation identified a 3.5-mile section of Westheimer Road where drivers hit and killed 36 pedestrians over a 13-year period.²² FM 1960 and segments of I-45 near downtown also show up as high-risk stretches.²² Driveways and frequent turn-offs along busy roads add more turning and crossing movements, which raises the chance of a driver and a pedestrian meeting in the same space.²⁴ In Harris County, speeding factored into over 38,000 crashes, and nearly 11,500 crashes involved distracted driving.²⁴
2024 Pedestrian Share of Traffic Deaths in Dallas
Dallas reported 197 fatal crashes in 2024 that resulted in 208 deaths, including 73 pedestrians.²⁶ Pedestrians made up 30% of traffic deaths, and street design in a lot of the city still prioritizes moving cars quickly rather than making crossings safer for people on foot.²⁶ Dallas also ranks among the highest traffic fatality rates among the 15 most populous U.S. cities.²⁸
Dallas Compared to Other Texas Cities (2023)
Dallas recorded 831 pedestrian-involved crashes in 2023.²⁸ San Antonio recorded 577.²⁸ Austin recorded 371.²⁸
Pedestrian-Involved Crashes and Fatalities in Major Texas Cities (2023)²⁸
| City (2023 Data) | Pedestrian-Involved Crashes | Pedestrian Fatalities |
| Dallas | 831 | 127 |
| San Antonio | 577 | 82 |
| Austin | 371 | 69 |
High-Injury Streets and Sidewalk Gaps
Dallas’s High Injury Network covers about 7% of city streets, and those streets account for over 60% of all severe and fatal crashes.²⁷ The Dallas Vision Zero Action Plan identifies portions of Maple Avenue, Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, and Great Trinity Forest Way, and Loop 12 has historically recorded the largest number of serious and fatal pedestrian crashes in the city.²⁹
Sidewalk conditions also show up as a major barrier. Nearly 80% of residents reported sidewalks in disrepair as a primary obstacle to walking, and about 72% pointed to missing sidewalks as a major concern.²⁸ Dallas had over 4,500 miles of sidewalk as of 2021, and damaged or disconnected stretches can force pedestrians into high-speed roadways.²⁶
San Antonio Pedestrian Crash Hotspots
Rapid growth and older streets put pedestrian risk in the same places again and again in San Antonio, especially on the South Side where busy roads cut through neighborhoods and crossings can feel limited.³¹
San Antonio Crash Numbers
San Antonio reported 83 pedestrian deaths in 2023 and 168 serious injuries from 769 pedestrian crashes.³⁰ The city reported about 42,000 total crashes in 2023, with meaningful shares tied to DUI crashes and red-light violations.²⁵ Pedestrian-involved crashes in Texas, including San Antonio, rose 25% from 2020 through 2024.³⁰
San Antonio Pedestrian Crash Statistics and Recent Trend (2023–2024)²⁵
| San Antonio Statistic | 2023 Value | 5-Year Trend (2020-2024) |
| Pedestrian Fatalities | 83 | +25% (Regional) |
| Pedestrian Serious Injuries | 168 | Increasing |
| Total Crashes | ~42,000 | High Growth |
| Deadliest Month | October | 14-Year Trend |
South Side Streets and “Keep Crossings SAfe”
San Antonio’s High Injury Network flags streets where fatal and serious-injury crashes cluster, and several of the highest-risk intersections are on the South Side along SW and SE Military Drive and Zarzamora Street.³¹ The city’s HIN dashboard lists the following roads with the highest counts for fatal or serious-injury crashes:³²
- Culebra Road: 116 crashes.³²
- Bandera Road: 38 crashes.³²
- Roosevelt Avenue: 37 crashes.³²
- Southeast Military Drive: 34 crashes.³²
- Southwest Military Drive: 31 crashes.³²
San Antonio launched the “Keep Crossings SAfe” campaign and targeted high-risk roads like Zarzamora Street, Fredericksburg Road, and W.W. White Road with mid-block crossings, metal mast arm traffic signals, and pedestrian-activated beacons.³³
Austin Vision Zero Results and Remaining Risks
Austin has pushed Vision Zero harder than most Texas cities, and the numbers show progress in some areas even as fatal crashes stay a problem on high-speed roads, especially roads owned by TxDOT.⁴¹
Austin Fatalities and Serious Injuries
Loewy Law Firm sees many pedestrian accident cases each year. Austin recorded 103 traffic deaths in 2024, up from 94 in 2023 and down from the 2022 pandemic peak of 122.³⁵ Serious injuries fell to their lowest levels since Austin adopted Vision Zero in 2015, and 2024 improved meaningfully compared to the prior five-year average.³⁷
Austin Vision Zero Metrics (2023–2024)³⁵
| Austin Vision Zero Metric | 2023 | 2024 | 5-Year Avg |
| Total Fatalities | 94 | 103 | ~105 |
| Serious Injuries | 400 | 297 | ~450 |
| Pedestrian Crashes | 112 | 98 | ~125 |
| Fatalities per 100k Population | 54.2 | 49.2 | Decreasing |
Homelessness and High-Risk Roads in Austin
Traffic deaths in Austin hit the homeless population at a disproportionate rate, and crashes rank as the second leading cause of death after overdoses for people experiencing homelessness.³⁸ Data also indicates 40–60% of pedestrian fatalities in Austin are suspected to be people experiencing homelessness.³⁸
Austin’s most dangerous roads include Airport Boulevard, Riverside Drive, Burnet Road, and South Congress Avenue, where “Safe System” improvements are still in a pilot phase.⁴⁰ Between 65% and 75% of Austin’s traffic deaths occur on roads owned by TxDOT rather than the city, which puts a lot of the engineering work outside Austin’s direct control.⁴¹
Alcohol, Hit-and-Run, and Distraction in Pedestrian Crashes
Street design affects how a crash unfolds, and behavior still plays a big part in why a crash happens in the first place. National and Texas data keep pointing back to alcohol impairment, hit-and-run driving, and distraction.² ⁶ ²⁵
Alcohol Impairment in Fatal Pedestrian Crashes
Alcohol shows up in 46% of fatal pedestrian crashes nationwide.² Data also separates who was impaired in alcohol-related fatal crashes, and pedestrian impairment appears more frequently than driver impairment in the national numbers. National data reports the pedestrian as the only impaired party in 24% of fatal crashes, and the driver as the only impaired party in 10%.⁷ Austin data adds another signal on substance use: nearly 80% of drivers killed in fatal crashes had alcohol or drugs in their system.³⁸
Alcohol Impairment in Fatal Pedestrian Crashes¹
| Impairment Combination | % of Fatal Pedestrian Crashes |
| No Alcohol Involvement | 54% – 60% |
| Pedestrian Only Impaired (BAC $\ge 0.08$) | 24% – 29% |
| Driver Only Impaired (BAC $\ge 0.08$) | 10% – 16% |
| Both Impaired | 6% |
Hit-and-Run Pedestrian Deaths
Hit-and-run drivers account for 25% of pedestrian deaths nationwide, and that share rose from 19% in 2014.¹ In 94% of fatal hit-and-run cases, the vehicle that struck the pedestrian fled the scene.¹ National data also links hit-and-run crashes to poor lighting, morning hours, and weekends.⁶ Austin data points the same direction: two out of three fatal pedestrian crashes in the first months of 2025 were hit-and-runs.³⁵
Distracted Driving in the Data
Distracted driving killed over 3,000 people nationwide in 2023, and experts believe totals miss a share of distraction-related deaths.³⁸ Texas data reports distraction as a factor in about 20% of all crashes in 2024.²⁵ Telematics data also reports distracted driving rose by over 140% between 2020 and 2023.³⁸
Proven Steps That Reduce Pedestrian Crashes
NHTSA rates pedestrian safety countermeasures on a star scale, and state highway safety offices use those ratings to pick strategies with a track record in real-world evaluations.⁶
Strategies With Strong Results in Evaluations
NHTSA’s 4- and 5-star countermeasures show strong results in higher-quality evaluations, and they tend to fall into a few buckets, including speed management, safer crossings, visibility, and separating people walking from vehicle lanes.⁶
NHTSA-Rated Pedestrian Safety Countermeasures⁶
| Countermeasure Type | Effectiveness Rating | Mechanism of Action |
| Lower Speed Limits | ★★★★★ | Exponentially increases survival probability |
| Leading Pedestrian Interval (LPI) | ★★★★★ | Reduces turning conflicts at signals |
| Pedestrian Hybrid Beacon (PHB) | ★★★★★ | Provides mid-block crossing warnings |
| Sidewalk Installation | ★★★★★ | Eliminates pedestrian-vehicle shared space |
| High-Visibility Enforcement (HVE) | ★★★★ | Increases yielding compliance at crosswalks |
| Conspicuity Enhancement | ★★★ | Reflective gear and lighting improvements |
Austin Pilot: Left Turns at Signals
Austin tested a pilot designed to make left turns safer at signalized intersections, and the program produced a 46% drop in pedestrian crashes and an 82% reduction in related crash costs.⁴⁶ The pilot targeted conflict points where turning vehicles cross the path of pedestrians who have a walk signal.⁴⁶
Pedestrian Volume and Crash Rates
Research on the “safety in numbers” effect suggests crash totals do not rise at the same rate as pedestrian volume. When pedestrian volume doubles, research expects crashes to rise about 41%, not 100%.⁶ Drivers tend to behave more cautiously in places where pedestrians appear more frequently and feel expected.⁶
Lisa Torry Smith Act in Texas
Texas put a new statute in place in 2021 that raises the criminal penalties for drivers who hit pedestrians in crosswalks.⁴⁷ The Lisa Torry Smith Act changed what happens after a driver fails to yield and strikes someone who uses a crosswalk lawfully.⁴⁷
Criminal Charges for Crosswalk Strikes
The statute takes its name from a Missouri City mother who died while walking her child to school in a marked crosswalk, and lawmakers wrote it to address situations where a driver could kill or injure a pedestrian and still walk away with a minor traffic citation unless intoxication or flight applied.⁴⁷
A driver who fails to yield the right-of-way and strikes a pedestrian who uses a crosswalk lawfully can face:
- Class A misdemeanor if the strike causes bodily injury (up to 1 year in jail, up to a $4,000 fine).⁴⁸
- State jail felony if the strike causes serious bodily injury (180 days to 2 years in jail, up to a $10,000 fine).⁴⁸
Charges and Convictions Under the Act
Texas prosecutors have started using the statute, and reporting through late 2025 shows several early convictions tied to crosswalk crashes. Houston-area reporting describes a first conviction tied to a deadly crosswalk crash that ended in a guilty plea.⁴⁷ Travis County has reported one conviction, with another case still pending.⁴⁹ Bexar County has reported one conviction, and reporting also describes other cases that remained pending or ended in dismissal.⁴⁹
Enforcement still varies across the state. Hays County and Williamson County had not reported charges or prosecutions under the Act in the reporting cited, which points to uneven use from county to county.⁵⁰
What Comes Next for Pedestrian Safety
Pedestrian deaths have dropped slightly in the most recent national estimates, and long-term improvement still depends on changes that reach every roadway and every vehicle, not only local projects and public-awareness campaigns.¹
Pedestrian Automatic Emergency Braking Requirement
Federal rules now require pedestrian automatic emergency braking to come standard on all passenger vehicles by 2029.¹ AEB uses sensors to detect a person in the vehicle’s path and applies the brakes if the driver does not respond.¹ Research still needs to solve the night problem, since most pedestrian deaths happen after dark.¹
Safe System Thinking and Vision Zero
Vision Zero sets a goal of zero traffic deaths, and the Safe System approach treats traffic deaths as preventable instead of inevitable. Dallas leaders have described an older transportation mindset that prioritized moving cars quickly and treated injuries and deaths as an acceptable cost of that choice.²⁷ Safe System planning starts from a different premise: people make mistakes, and roads and vehicles need designs that keep those mistakes from turning fatal.⁵¹
Key Fatality and Injury Totals (2023–2024)
Pedestrian Fatalities and Injuries Snapshot (2023–2024)¹
| Metric | 2023 (Final) | 2024 (Preliminary) | 10-Year Change |
| National Pedestrian Fatalities | 7,314 | 7,148 | +80% (Since 2009) |
| National Pedestrian Injuries | 68,244 | ~69,000 | +1.3% (Year-over-Year) |
| Texas Pedestrian Fatalities | 810 | 768 | +22% (Since 2019) |
| % of Fatalities After Dark | 77% | ~76% | +84% (Since 2010) |
| % Involving SUVs/Pickups | 54% | ~55% | Surging Trend |
| % Hit-and-Run | 25% | ~25% | Doubled Since 2014 |
Pedestrian risk stays high as larger vehicles keep filling roadways and fast traffic continues to run through growing cities, including Texas metros where people still need to cross on foot. The 2024 decline helps, and the numbers still point to the same levers that reduce deaths, including speed management, safer crossing design, enforcement that matches the risk, and technology that works in the conditions where pedestrians die most.¹
References and Additional Reading
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